95th Percentile Power Density [W/m²]¶
Estimated extreme power density, outlier-tolerant and robust to cubic-velocity sensitivity
Description¶
95th percentile of the maximum power density (kinetic energy flux) across the water column calculated over the 1-year hindcast period, representing a robust, outlier-tolerant estimate of extreme energy flux at any depth under free-stream (undisturbed) conditions. Due to the cubic relationship between velocity and power density, extreme values are particularly sensitive to model artifacts, making the 95th percentile a more reliable metric than the absolute maximum for comparing extreme energy flux across sites. It is intended for IEC 62600-201 [@iec_62600_201] Stage 1 reconnaissance-level analysis and is intended to be input for extreme load analysis on tidal turbine components.
Equation¶
Where:
- \(P_{i,t} = \frac{1}{2} \rho U_{i,t}^3\), power density with \(\rho = 1025\) \([\text{kg/m}^3]\)
- \(U_{i,t} = \sqrt{u_{i,t}^2 + v_{i,t}^2}\), velocity magnitude at sigma level \(i\) at time \(t\) \([\text{m/s}]\)
- \(N_{\sigma} = 10\), sigma layers
- \(T\), 1 year of hindcast data
Properties¶
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Internal Name | vap_water_column_95th_percentile_sea_water_power_density |
| Units | W/m² |